Isi Pancasila yang sesuai dengan Pasal UUD 1945

Sila Pertama:

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa

Pasal Dalam UUD 1945: Pasal 29 dan pasal 28

Sila Kedua

Kemanusiaan Yang adil dan Beradab

Pasal pasal dalam UUD 1945: Pasal 28

Sila Ketiga

Persatuan Indonesia

Pasal-pasal dalam UUD 1945: Pasal 1 ayat 1, pasal 30 dan pasal 37 ayat 5

Sila Keempat

Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksaan dalam permusyawaratan perwakilan

Pasal-pasal dalam UUD 1945: Pasal 2, pasal 5, pasal 18, pasal 20, pasal 22

Sila Kelima

Keadilan Sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia

Pasal Pasal dalam UUD 1945: Pasal 28,pasal 33, dan pasal 34

Conditional Sentence

In grammar, conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Languages use a variety of conditional constructions and verb forms (such as the conditional mood) to form such sentences.

Full conditional sentences contain two clauses: the condition or protasis, and the consequence or apodosis.

If it rains [condition], (then) the picnic will be cancelled [consequence].

Syntactically, the condition is the subordinate clause, and the consequence is the main clause. However, the properties of the entire sentence are primarily determined by the properties of the protasis (condition) (its tense and degree of factualness).

Factual

In these constructions, the condition clause expresses a condition the truth of which is unverified. The verb in the condition clause is in the past tense (with a past tense interpretation) or in the present tense (with a present or future tense interpretation). The result clause can be in the past, present, or future. Generally, conditional sentences of this group are in two groups, the “zero conditional” and the potential or indicative conditional, often called “first conditional” or “conditional 1”. This class includes universal statements (both clauses in the present, or both clauses in the past) and predictions.

The “zero” conditional is formed with both clauses in the present tense. This construction is similar across many languages. It is used to express a certainty, a universal statement, a law of science, etc.:

If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils.

If you don’t eat for a long time, you become hungry.

If the sea is stormy, the waves are high.

It is different from true conditionals because the introductory “if” can be replaced by “when” or “whenever” (e.g., “When you heat water…”), which cannot be done for true condition The potential or indicative conditional, often referred to as the “first conditional” or “conditional 1”, is used more generally to express a hypothetical condition that is potentially true, but not yet verified. The conditional clause is in the present or past tense and refers to a state or event in the past. The result can be in the past, present, or future. Some examples with the condition clause in a past tense:

If she had taken that flight yesterday, she would have arrived at 10pm.

If she had taken that flight yesterday, she would be with us now.

If she took that flight yesterday, she is somewhere in town today.

If she took that flight yesterday, we will see her tomorrow.

A condition clause (protasis) in the present tense refers to a future event, a current event which may be true or untrue, or an event which could be verified in the future. The result can be in the past, present, or future:

If it’s raining here now, then it was raining on the West Coast this morning.

If it’s raining now, then your laundry is getting wet.

If it’s raining now, there will be mushrooms to be picked next week.

If it rains this afternoon, then yesterday’s weather forecast was wrong.

If it rains this afternoon, your garden party is doomed.

If it rains this afternoon, everybody will stay home.

If I become President, I’ll lower taxes.

Certain modal auxiliary verbs (mainly will, may, might, and could) are not usually used in the condition clause (protasis) in English:

*If it will rain this afternoon, …

*If it may have rained yesterday, …

There are exceptions, however, in which will is used exactly as in the first example, namely when the action in the if clause takes place after that in the main clause:

(The weather forecast says it’s going to rain.) Well, if it will rain, we must take umbrellas.

If aspirins will cure it, I’ll [I will] take a couple tonight instead of this horrible medicine.^[1]

Other situations in which will can be used in an if clause include when will is not being used as an auxiliary verb, in other words when it is being used modally to express willingness, persistence, or a wish:

If you’ll [you will] just hold the door open for me a moment, I can take this table out to the kitchen.

If you will keep all the windows shut, of course you’ll get headaches.

If you will excuse me, I think I will slip into something more comfortable.^[1][2]

In colloquial English, the imperative is sometimes used to form a conditional sentence: e.g. “go eastwards a mile and you’ll see it” means “if you go eastwards a mile, you will see it”.

Counterfactual

In these constructions, the condition clause expresses a condition that is known to be false, or presented as unlikely. The result clause contains a conditional verb form consisting of would (or could, should, might) plus a main verb in the base form (infinitive without to).

The contrary-to-fact present conditional, often referred to as the “second conditional” or “conditional 2”, is used to refer to a current state or event that is known to be false or improbable. The past subjunctive (or in colloquial English, simply the past tense) must be used:

If she were [colloq. was] at work today, she would know how to deal with this client.

If I were [colloq. was] the king, I could have you thrown in the dungeon.

The same structure can be used to refer to a future state or event:

If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.

If he said that to me, I would run away.

In many cases, when referring to future events, the difference between a realis and irrealis conditional is very slight:

(realis) If you leave now, you can still catch your train.

(irrealis) If you left now, you could still catch your train.

The contrary-to-fact past conditional (sometime referred to as the “third” conditional, conditional 3) is used to refer to contrary-to-fact past events. The pluperfect (or past perfect) is used in the condition clause.

If you had called me, I would have come.

If you had done your job properly, we wouldn’t be in this mess now.

Some varieties of English regularly use would (often shortened to (I)’d) and would have (often shortened to (I)’d have) in counterfactual condition clauses, but this is often considered non-standard: If you’d leave now, you’d be on time. (conditional 2.) / If you (would)’ve told me, we could’ve done something about it. (conditional 3.) Such use of would is widespread especially in spoken US English in all sectors of society, but these forms are not usually used in more formal writing. Nevertheless, some reliable sources simply label this usage as acceptable US English and no longer label it as colloquial.^[3][4]

There are exceptions, however, where would is used in British English too in seemingly counterfactual conditions, but these can usually be interpreted as a modal use of would: If you would listen to me once in a while, you might learn something. (conditional 2.) ^[1][2] In cases in which the action in the if clause takes place after that in the main clause, use of would in counterfactual conditions is however considered standard and correct usage in even formal UK and US usage: If it would make Bill happy, I’d [I would] give him the money.^[1]

Should can appear in the condition clause to refer to a future event presented as possible, but unlikely, undesirable, or otherwise “remote”: If I should die before I wake, …, If you should ever find yourself in such a situation, …

Tidak Dibelikan Blackberry, Remaja Kabur dari Rumah

Hanya karena permintaannya untuk memiliki telepon seluler jenis Blackberry tidak dikabulkan orangtuanya, Ardian Bastian Nugroho kabur dari rumahnya di Sumber Sari, Serut, Gedang Sari, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Padahal, Ardian berharap dengan ponsel itu bisa berkomunikasi di jejaring pertemanan facebook bersama teman-teman sekolahnya. Kepada SCTV, Selasa (11/5), Hartini mengaku putranya meninggalkan rumah sejak awal April silam.

Saat pergi, tambah Hartini, siswa kelas satu Sekolah Menengah Atas Gedang Sari itu pamit berangkat ke sekolah dengan membawa beberapa potong pakaian. Ardian pergi dengan menggunakan sepeda motor miliknya. Namun hingga petang hari, putra sulungnya itu tak juga kembali. Orangtuanya pun curiga.

Kini, Hartini dan keluarganya cemas akan nasib Ardian. Untuk mengobati rasa rindunya, Hartini hanya bisa memandang seragam sekolah Ardian. Berbagai upaya telah mereka lakukan untuk mencari Ardian, tapi belum juga membuahkan hasil. Hartini yakin putranya tergoda bujukan temannya untuk pergi dari rumah karena Ardian anak pendiam dan tidak banyak tingkah.

12 Tahun mengurung diri, Takut berjumpa orang

Sebut saja Rita, gadis ini kini usianya menginjak 28 tahun.  Kediaman Rita terletak persis menghadap sungai Kapuas. Lantai dan dinding rumah berbahan papan beratapkan seng. Sedangkan, akses masuk dari jalan utama lumayan jauh. Menyusuri jalan gang dengan lebar sekitar satu meter, hanya cukup dilalui satu kendaraan roda dua. Namun, perkampungan di kawasan tersebut padat penduduk. Kedatangan petugas Dinas Sosial didampingi Kepolisian menarik perhatian warga sekitar. Mereka turut mendekat kediaman Rita. Hal ini sempat  membuatnya semakin takut, tidak berani keluar. Hanya mengurung diri dalam kamar, tanpa suara. Membuat petugas kesulitan menemuinya. Sementara  kamar terkunci dari dalam. Bahkan jendela kamar dilapisi triplek yang terpaku rapat.

Keseharian, Rita mengurus dirinya sendiri. Mandi, mencuci pakaian dan masak untuk keperluannya dilakukan sendiri. Bahkan terkadang sesekali membersihkan halaman rumah. Namun ketika ada orang melihat, dia langsung masuk rumah.”Kadang kakak bantu cuci piring, tapi jika tak ada orang di rumah. Cuma kurang komunikasi, tak pernah ngomong bahkan dengan bapak dan ibu,” kata Santi.Petugas Dinas Sosial dan Tenaga Kerja Kota Pontianak yang tiba di rumah Rita tidak dapat menemuinya hingga beranjak pulang. Sedangkan tujuan mereka ke lokasi untuk memberikan bantuan. Termasuk ketua YNDN datang ke kediaman Rita. “Setahu saya, dia belum pernah dibawa ke rumah sakit. Hanya berobat dukun pernah, namun tidak juga sembuh,” kata Aseng (49) warga Gang H Muhammad RT 2/RW 4, Desa Kapur, Kecamatan Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, tetangga  Rita.

Aseng  mengatakan, perubahan sikap Rita terjadi sejak duduk di bangku kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Ketika sedang pecah kerusahan etnis 1999. Dimana, keributan turut melanda di sekitar lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Warga salah satu etnis berjaga-jaga dan terlihat oleh Rita. Membuat Rita ketakutan hingga tidak mau lagi bertemu orang. Termasuk pihak keluarganya sendiri.”Dia berubah,  waktu ada kerusuhan dulu. Sejak itu tidak pernah keluar rumah. Bahkan tetangga banyak yang tidak pernah melihatnya apalagi kenal,” kata Aseng. Rita merupakan anak keempat dari lima bersaudara pasangan Chin Sin Jan dan Then Jung Nyong. Hanya saja ayah kandungnya telah lama meninggal. Ibunya menikah lagi dan dikaruniai anak perempuan. Yang kini menjadi adik dirinya.  Sementara sudara kandung Rita,  bekerja di luar negeri. Termasuk kakak tertua yang menikah dengan warga negara Taiwan dan menetap disana.”Kakak  takut bertemu orang. Makanya dia selalu di dalam kamar. Dia tak mau berbicara, hanya sendirian  di kamar,”kata Santi (16), adik tiri Rita.

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